Morphometric analysis of pollen from four species of. Palynology is the scientific study of pollen and spores, those virtually indestructible, microscopic, but easily identifiable plant parts found in archaeological sites and adjacent soils and water bodies. Morphology of pollen grains 1 polarity the polar axis is the straight line between the distal and proximal poles of a pollen grain or a spore pollen grains can therefore be. These cover the terminology of pollen units, pollen class, shape and size, apertures, ornamentation, the pollen wall and a miscellany of other terms. Pdf pollen morphology and ultrastructure researchgate. A similar diurnal cycle of airborne pollen load has been observed across the species a. If successful, it is followed by fertilization and seed development.
Pollen recoveries from the spike and pollen rinsed from the polyethylene bag were combined in a total volume of 2. Pollen morphology is studied using lm and sem and is important to visualize the general features of a pollen grain, including, e. The role of pollen morphology in plant systema tics l. Ferguson royal boranic gardens 1 kcw, richrnond, surrey tw9 3ab, u. A isopolar the proximal and distal faces of the exine are alike b heteropolar the distal and proximal faces of the exine are different, either in shape, ornamentation. On dry windy days, the pollen will travel many kilometers. Although wodehouse first treated the arnbrosincomplex as a family. Cupressus arizonica pollen of airpolluted regions had a higher concentration of allergens and a higher allergenicity compared with that of unpolluted regions suarezcervera et al.
This study presents a method for the robust estimation of the concentration of airborne ambrosia pollen using a suite of machine learning approaches including deep. Pollen morphology and its relationship to the taxonomy of the genus sarracenia sarraceniaceae the harvard community has made this article openly available. Allergies to airborne pollen are a significant issue affecting millions of americans. Moreover, ambrosia pollen levels were significantly related to asthma and rhinitis.
Therefore, in typical pollen count reports and forecasts, all ragweed types are combined into one category. Among thc numerous tasa esamined 1y him orer this period werc ambrosia and closely related genera. In some compositae like ambrosia, a cavity is formed between two layers ektexine and foot layer of the exine extending to the colpus margin where the layers meet. The pollen morphology of 16 species of aquatic angiosperms, distributed in 14 families from karachi was examined by light and scanning microscope. Pollen morphology of malvaceae and its taxonomic significance. We determined the number of pollen grains per spike by calculating the pollen concentration in the wash suspension from microscopic counts using a glass hemacytometer hausser scientific, horsham, pa.
Anthesis synchronization and floral morphology determine diurnal patterns of ragweed pollen dispersal. Ijerph free fulltext applying deep neural networks and. In lithuania, ragweed is attributed to lateemerging weeds. The pollen morphology of 20 species of malvaceae growing in yemen was investigated by light. Pollen grains have a hard coat that protects the sperm cells during the process of their movement between the stamens to the pistil of flowering plants or from the male cone to the female cone of coniferous plants. Ragweed pollen is notorious for causing allergic reactions in humans. It causes about half of all cases of pollen associated allergic rhinitis in north america, where ragweeds are most abundant and diverse. Apr 18, 20 attenuated total reflectancefourier transform infrared spectroscopy atrftir atrftir spectra of ambrosia pollen fumigated with ambient and twice ambient ozone were recorded using a bruker tensor 27 spectrometer equipped with the atr accessory znse crystal cell attached to the spectrometer with a liquid nitrogen cooled mercury cadmium telluride detector and a kbr beam splitter. Molecular and immunological characterization of ragweed. Feb 22, 2020 pollen morphology is one of the most important and fundamental branches of palynology. Pollen is the male gametophyte of gymnosperms and angiosperms. Isolation of intact pollen exine using anhydrous hydrogen fluoride 95 toa a s h. The main steps of exine ontogeny in ambrosia trifida, observed in the microspore periplasmic space, are as follows.
Pdf distribution of ambrosia plants and airborne pollen in lithuania. Pollination is transport of pollen from its site of production to the female landing site. Airborne pollen concentration sharply increases in the early morning hours just after sunrise 07000900, rises to a peak. An electron microscopic study of pollen morphology in the.
The occurrence of ambrosia pollen in rzeszw, krakw and poznaa, poland. Devore4 1section of integrative biology and plant resources center, university of texas at austin, austin, texas 78712 2department of botany and microbiology, university. Abstract book the mediterranean palynological societies symposium 2019 the joint symposium of the aplf, aple and gppsbi bordeaux, july 91011, 2019. Pollen morphology and its relationship to taxonomy of the. Guidelines for management of common ragweed, ambrosia.
Ijerph free fulltext applying deep neural networks. Unfortunately, most of these results were obtained from herbarium specimens. Hyde national museum of wales, cardiff received 22 may 1954 with i figure in the text the latin pollenmorphological terms and definitions put forward by erdtman 1943. The first page of the pdf of this article appears above. Ambrosia pollen grains are 1627 micrometers in diameter. The morphology of the inflorescence of ragweeds ambrosia. Pollen may be dispersed as single grains, as in many plants relying on wind. The pollen of ambrosia which induces allergy already at low. Pollen morphology of selected bee forage plants shubharani, r. Review of palaeobotany and palynology, 43 utrecht university. Laboratory of biodiversity and apiculture, department of botany, bangalore university, bangalore560056, india abstract pollen taxonomy is the prerequisite to compare the pollen present in honey samples with special reference to.
Switzerland borders several heavily ragweed colonised areas. Ragweed is a plant of concern in the global warming issue, because tests have shown that higher levels of carbon dioxide will greatly increase pollen production. Ambrosia pollen grain is also reported from the atmosphere of tulsa, oklahoma. Allergenic pollen and pollen allergy in europe european academy.
Pollen morphology of 25 apocynaceae species in the adolpho. As a result of acetolysis, pollen shape varied considerably. A single plant may produce about a billion grains of pollen per season, and the pollen is transported on the wind. Pollen morphology of contortae acanthaceae scotland. Phylogenetic,lmplications of pollen morphology and ultrastructure in the barnadesioideae asteraceae zaiming zhao1, john j. However, it causes problems related to human health, as the ragweed pollen is known to carry one of the strongest pollen allergens and causes seasonal allergic rhinitis and asthmatic symptoms in north america. Suggested mechanisms underlying pollen wall development in. Pollen morphology is one of the most important and fundamental branches of palynology. Bascd on an invi tcd address to the v palynological symposium of aple, cordoba 2729 scptember. Pollen morphology pollen grains medicinal plants archive. Proper identification of pollen and spores both of living and fossil plants is a prerequisite for exploiting their applications. Pollen morphology, biology and biochemistry 53 screening of amb a 1 allergen localisation in ambrosia artemisifolia pollen by immunolabeling in tem. Ambrosia pollen grain is the dominant pollen type to cause allergic rhinitis and pollen asthma in north america. Microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis, and pollen morphology.
The pollen grains are produced within the anther of the. Drying and elution of the rna was performed according to the user manual rneasy mini kit, qiagen. Pollen and seed morphology of rhinacanthus nees and sol. Dec 12, 2012 pdf 408 k pdf plus 372 k citing articles. The distribution of ambrosia pollen in shallow waters may be the result of sediment resuspension robbins et al. Pollen morphology and ultrastructure of selected species of. Share your knowledge share your word file share your pdf file share your ppt file. Ambrosia pollen concentrations generally decrease after the initial. By a detailed ontogenetic study of ambrosia trifida pollen, tracing each stage of development with tem, we aim to understand the establishment of the pollen wall and to unravel the mechanisms underlying sporoderm development. The usefulness of pollen morphology to the systematics of the family compositac was demonstrated by the light microscopic studies of wodchousc 19261945. Pollen morphology and ultrastructure of selected species. However, it causes problems related to human health, as the ragweed pollen is known to carry one of the strongest pollen allergens and causes seasonal allergic rhinitis and asthmatic symptoms in north. This taxon is characterized by high pollen production. Pdf the occurrence of ambrosia pollen in rzeszw, krakw.
Pdf pollens of ragweed are recognized as strong allergen and were recorded in. Anthesis synchronization and floral morphology determine. The largest proportion of the handbook is devoted to an illustrated glossary of pollenrelated terms, which is usefully split into several parts. Pollen morphology and the relationship of the plumbaginaceae, polygonaceae, and primulaceae to the order centrospermae joan w. Skvarla introduction the centrospermae caryophyllales represents one of the most controversial orders in the angio sperms. Consequently, accurately predicting the daily concentration of airborne pollen is of significant public benefit in providing timely alerts. Hence, individual species are not identified from mixtures of pollen such as found on the slides used to collect airborne pollen rohn and ruark, 1976. Ragweed has developed wind pollination strategy, which allows each plant to produce millions of pollen grains with a diameter of 1822m. Hyde national museum of wales, cardiff received 22 may 1954 with i figure in the text the latin pollen morphological terms and definitions put forward by erdtman 1943. The ambrosia pollen grains are somewhat flattened to nearly spherical.
Pollen morphology of 25 species in the family apocynaceae from the adolpho ducke forest reserve, amazonas, brazil isabella dessaune rodriguesa, maria lucia absyb, silane aparecida f. The largest proportion of the handbook is devoted to an illustrated glossary of pollen related terms, which is usefully split into several parts. Peroblate describing the shape of a pollen grain or spore in which the ratio between the polar axis and the equatorial diameter is less than 0. Mario lesnik ambrosia artemisiifolia common ragweed has spread from its native range in north america into the temperate zones of europe and in parts of asia and australia where it is one of the major causes of polleninduced allergy. Up to 12% of the population suffers from allergies hay fever, asthma to ragweed pollen in these areas.
Pollen morphology and its relationship to taxonomy of the genus sarracenia sarraceniaceae w. Devore4 1section of integrative biology and plant resources center, university of texas at austin, austin, texas 78712. In this study, we investigated its reproductive features, focusing on its microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis, and pollen morphology. Microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis, and pollen morphology of ambrosia artemisiifolia l. Ragweed pollen is the main cause of allergenic diseases in northern america, and the weed has become a spreading. Isolation of intact pollen exine using anhydrous hydrogen. It will not be an exaggeration if pollen morphology is referred to as the mother of palynological studies. P p p p 1 pscience program, department of communication sciences and disorders, emerson college, boston, ma 02116 2 p harvard forest, harvard university, 324 north main street, petersham, ma 066. Morphological characteristics of pollen grains have been categorised into different groups. Great ragweed, giant ragweed or horseweed, ambrosia trifida, may grow to four meters feet or more. Pollen is a nutritional food supplement which contains significant amounts of amino acids, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals, and it is usually commercialized as a healthy functional food barcia et al. Physiological and morphological responses of invasive ambrosia artemisiifolia common ragweed to different irradiances.
Phylogenetic,lmplications of pollen morphology and. The purpose of this article is to alert physicians for the environmental and health threats of ambrosia artemisiifolia common ragweed in switzerland. A single plant may produce about a billion grains of pollen per season, and the. Peritreme describing a pollen grain with equatorial apertures situated around an outline that is circular in polar view.
However, the pollen grains of ambrosia trifida, ambrosia artemisiifolia and ambrosia psilostachya are indistinguishable to most pollen counting professionals. Modern pollen source and spatial distribution from surface. All of these have very similar pollen structure, the most obvious departure being an elongation. Physiological and morphological responses of invasive. Pollen grain pollen is a fine to coarse powder containing micro gametophytes produce male gametes sperm cells. Switzerland is beginning to be invaded by this plant. Consequently, there is no information on the relative contribution of various ambrosia species to the pollen. Morphometric analysis of pollen from four species of ambrosia. A short historical background t o the subject is given. View pollen morphology research papers on academia. Zhong qin, a dan juan mao, a guo ming quan, b jiaen zhang, a d jun fang xie, a antonio ditommaso c. Ambrosia artemisiifolia, asteraceae, optical view showing both intine and exine.
The ongoing spread of ambrosia artemisiifolia in europe is an. It causes about half of all cases of pollenassociated allergic rhinitis in north america, where ragweeds are most abundant and diverse. Ragweeds are flowering plants in the genus ambrosia in the aster family, asteraceae. Pollen morphology is studied using lm and sem and is. These tiny organic materials are most commonly used to identify past environmental climates called paleoenvironmental reconstruction, and track changes in climate over a period of time.