Afforestation activities in the kubuqi desert, inner mongolia, china, have substantially increased tree and shrub coverage in this region. Afforestation means establishing the stand of trees or a forest in a particular open area where no one had established a tree in past reforestation means reestablishment of the area under forest, it can be done by natural means like seeding, root suckers or coppice or by. Our experience with plantation forestry as it has developed this century offers us an excellent platform for rising to these. Ecological and socioeconomic effects of chinas policies.
Negative impacts of afforestation and economic forestry on the. The social impacts of forestry were addressed using qualitative research methods. Relevant traditional knowledge should be taken into account when preparing and. Reforestation is a very important procedure in order to save our planet. Afforestation refers to the process of converting a nonforest land into a forest.
Socioeconomic impacts of the billion trees afforestation program in. This offers a framework and reference point for holistic assessment of the impacts of scs. Papers in this series are not formal publications of the world bank. Because the effects of this process on tree survival can take considerable time to become apparent, many smallscale or shortterm assessments of afforestation have provided only positive results both in china and elsewhere in the world liu 2000. Pdf affornord effects of afforestation on ecosystems. Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees forestation in an area where there was no previous tree cover. This discipline deals with the use and management of water, social awareness of environmental problems, and ecosystem limitations on provision of watershed services by river basins in the mountain regions of india. The term afforestation is most often used in conjunction with discussions of carbon sequestration, which is the process by which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere. Hills and mountains cover 70% and 23 of the country is forested. While afforestation can restore previously forested areas and help to remove carbon dioxide, it can have detrimental effects on species diversity and agriculture profits. You can read in these pages about efforts of african nations to sustainably manage their forests. Afforestation and reforestation encyclopedia of life.
The social impacts of forestry were investigated in five case study areas. This would be achieved by i increasing the size of afforested and reforested areas. Afforestation planting trees to mitigate climate change could cause warming rather than cooling globally due to noncarbon effects of land use change, according to new research from the. Results showed that there was significant difference p impeded afforestation and. Afforestation induced change in smc 01m across the study area.
Fundamental orientation theory was used to assess the social impacts of the btap, while costbenefit analysis was applied to examine its economic impact. Afforestation is regarded as an effective mechanism, in addition to a reduction in anthropogenic emissions, for global warming amelioration see articles 3. Ecological risks arising from the impact of largescale. Soil moisture in control plots smc c,01m has a wide range from 2. This study presents an argument that afforestation may have bigger impacts than originally thought by previous studies. Check on soil erosion and denudation in catchments areas of rivers, lakes and reservoirs. As an example, one fth of the danish municipalities plan to afforest. Sep 27, 2012 afforestation is usually thought as a good approach to mitigate impacts of warming over a region. Managing environmental and social impacts of hydropower in bhutan.
Impacts of afforestation on plant diversity, soil properties. The effect of afforestation on soil moisture content in. In this study, the response of the surface temperature to afforestation is simulated with the weather research and forecasting model. Commercial afforestation of agricultural land is often associated with social conflict over the perceived environmental, economic and social impacts of the plantations being established. Japan deforestation and afforestation program can be classified as pre wwii, during the war and after the war. A small number of studies have identified social, economic, and institutional factors that may limit the success of afforestation projects, focusing on the potential social, economic and environmental impacts of afforestation, transaction costs, land tenure issues, and competition for use of land nilsson and schopfhauser, 1995, cannell, 2003. India is an emerging or developing country whereas the controlling of carbon emission is very much challenging for the policy makers. Areas in the northearten cape have experienced rapid afforestation since 1990. Study on the biogeochemical effects of afforestation, finds no enhanced n losses. The biophysical complexity of scs is thus compounded by implementing these measures, along with the potential externalised impacts of im. The results show that the overall social impacts of the btap are satisfactory and beneficial, increasing social sustainability by 69% between 2014 and 2018.
Impact of laws and regulations on the use of nonwood forest products and the wellbeing of forest dependent communities in central africa juliane masuch, ousseynou ndoye, julius tieguhong, william mala and armand ze 77. Damage caused to the environment by reforestation policies in. Afforestation and reforestation in the clean development mechanism 325 3 social and environmental impact under a laissez faire approach i argue in this section that fast growing industrial plantations are likely to dominate under a laissez faire approach and that their environmental and social implications are likely to be highly variable. Afforestation and reforestation in the clean development. Afforestation is the primary factor increasing forest cover in china. Social and biodiversity impact assessment sbia manual. Social impacts of land use change to plantation forestry citeseerx.
There is a need for ongoing study of the social and economic impacts of land. One of the most common solutions suggested to this conflict is a shift from largescale afforestation by companies and government agencies to smallscale afforestation by individual landholders. Jan 14, 2017 list of disadvantages of afforestation. The study investigates the impacts of afforestation on future climate and extreme events in nigeria, using a regional climate model regcm3, forced with global climate model. Biodiversity impact assessment requires expert inputs in the design and other aspects of. State key lab of urban and regional ecology, research center for eco. Contrasting impacts of afforestation on nitrous oxide and. Impact of largescale afforestation on surface temperature. While the secondary data source involved the search into published and unpublished materials relevant to. Causes, effects and control strategies sumit chakravarty 1, s. This is needed as huge forests are being destroyed or damaged due to various reasons on a daily basis. Many government and nongovernmental organizations directly engage in programs of afforestation to create forests, increase carbon capture and carbon sequestration, and help to anthropogenically improve biodiversity.
Social development department hydropower dams and social impacts. Effects of afforestation on soil organic carbon and nitrogen storage. Economic and social significance of forests economic and. Afforestation and reforestation areas should be included in ongoing or planned national monitoring schemes to evaluate their economic, environmental, social and cultural impacts and respective carbon balances. We would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. The social benefits arising from the establishment of forest plantations becan1e increasingly. Assessing the likelihood of widespread landholder adoption of.
However, the impact of this type of land use change on the budgets of other greenhouse gases such as. Afforestation and reforestation for climate change. Afforestation and reforestation for climate change mitigation. They are circulated to encourage thought and discussion. Darkgreen colorin tkeeasternpartoftkecountryrepresentsplantation forest. Using an integrated surfacesubsurface hydrological model, this study evaluates the water and salt dynamics and soil. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the afforestation programme through climatic studies statistics and field measurements, soil and land use studies field studies and mapping and interviews with people in two small areas on santiago island, cape verde. One potentially huge drawback of afforestation is the simple fact that it comes with real opportunity cost, where the transformed lands can no longer be used residential developments and agriculture that are highly beneficial to the society through more supply of food and housing for those who need them.
Global change will impact carbon mitigation in the forest sector but the magnitude and direction of this impact cannot be predicted with confidence as yet. Leitrim, but instead to understand the range of opinions held by people regarding forestry in the county. The three main causes of deforestation in the world are. A net soc and tn gain has been generally observed following afforestation of socdepleted systems, such as croplands, at global, and at regional scales in temperate zones chen et al. Cernea is senior adviser for social policy and sociology, the world bank, environment department.
Advantages and disadvantages of afforestation sciencing. This issue explores management approaches that balance social. The aim was not to achieve a demographically balanced and representative sample of the opinions of the population of co. Longterm impacts of partial afforestation on water and salt. Potential impacts of afforestation on climate change and. Desertification has been defined as land degradation in arid, semiarid, and dry subhumid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities11. Partial afforestation can be a practical mitigation strategy if efficiently integrated with farms and pastures. Economic, environmental, social and cultural impacts of planned afforestation and reforestation programmes should be assessed, as appropriate, in accordance with environmental impact assessment procedures and in consultation with local communities and stakeholders. Impacts of afforestation, deforestation, and reforestation on.
May, 2010 it is well known that afforestation can have many positive impacts on degraded land, including conservation of soil on degraded land by reducing soil erosion, as well as increasing soil organic matter, improving soil structure, sequestering carbon, increasing nutrient cycling, providing wildlife habitat, improving the landscape and biodiversity. Request pdf negative impacts of afforestation and economic forestry on the chinese loess plateau and proposed solutions severe loss of soil and water on the chinese loess plateau clp has. Biodiversity impact assessment toolboxp complements part 1. Population growth is a major hindrance to attainment of sustainable development. Biodiversity impact assessment requires expert inputs in the design and other aspects of monitoring as described in ection 5, and local.
Download citation on jun 1, 2006, kristina monroe bishop and others published social impacts of afforestation in south africa. The objective project climate resilient participatory afforestation and reforestation project is to improve the resilience of selected communities in the coastal and hilly areas of bangladesh. Afforestation is usually thought as a good approach to mitigate impacts of warming over a region. Impacts of afforestation on plant diversity, soil properties, and soil organic carbon storage in a semiarid grassland of northwestern china author links open overlay panel longfei chen a b zhibin he a xi zhu a b jun du a b junjun yang a b jing li a b. Esmf environmental and social management framework eso enhancement strategic options eu european union ewca ethiopian wildlife conservation authority facc federal anticorruption commission.
Experts have also found evidence of negative impact of artificial tree planting and afforestation on ecological sustainability, sometimes also causing local communities very high social costs. As afforestation expands and more trees begin growing in areas with inadequate. The surface temperature changes are decomposed into contributions from the intrinsic surface biophysical effect and. Removal of the green cover from the surface of the earth has become common due to various reasons such as forest fires, agricultural needs, human needs, logging, and mining. A significant component of any assessment is to look at how immigration has affected social relationships within society.
If an afforestation or reforestation project is perceived as being an impediment to local livelihoods, it may create an incentive for illegal harvesting or clearing, also threatening the permanence of carbon sequestration. Japan and its impact on southeast asia deforestation. Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees forestation in an area where there was no previous tree cover many government and nongovernmental organizations directly engage in programs of afforestation to create forests, increase carbon capture sometimes special tools, such as a tree planting bar, are used to make planting of trees easier and faster. Impacts of afforestation on plant diversity, soil properties, and soil organic carbon storage in a semiarid grassland of northwestern china. Social impacts of afforestation in south africa researchgate. This issue explores management approaches that balance social, economic and environmental objectives, allowing. Characterising the biophysical, economic and social impacts. Paneuropean guidelines for afforestation and reforestation.
Social and biodiversity impact assessment sbia manual for. The impact of afforestation can not be assessed only in hydro logical terms. Socioeconomic impacts of the billion trees afforestation. Damage caused to the environment by reforestation policies. Harvesting consumed billon m3 in timber volume from 1949 to 2003. If the purpose of afforestation is ecotourism, it may be subject to potential problems that come with ecotourism, such as littering and harm to wildlife. Afforestation is highly important to maintain the biodiversity. Nakayama tokyo university of agriculture and technology, japan keywords. While you can see the process of afforestation as a positive one, offering a lot of benefits to both the environment and society, it is also accompanied by the fact that it can also bring about some drawbacks. Soil salinization is a major environmental issue in arid and semiarid regions, and has been accelerated in some areas by removal of native vegetation cover. Socioeconomic impacts of the billion trees afforestation program in khyber pakhtunkhwa province kpk, pakistan. Due to extensive afforestation and vegetation cover growth, there has been an increase in most trends of forestshrub ecosystems, resulting in substantially enhanced evapotranspiration effects.
Causes and impacts of land degradation and desertification. Should the role of afforestation in climate change. If the trees are all cut down and all that is left is barren land no would want to visit that place. Japan has a cool temperate climate to the north and tropical climate to the south. At one level the impacts that have been felt in jobs, public services and so on tend indirectly tocolour the way in whic individuals sense the impacts on the communities in which they live and work. Social impacts of afforestation in south africa wiley online library. Deforestation is has a result of the interaction of environmental, social, cultural and political forces in a given region. Negative impacts of afforestation and economic forestry on. Afforestation means establishing the stand of trees or a forest in a particular open area where no one had established a tree in past reforestation means reestablishment of the area under forest, it can be done by natural means like seeding, root suckers or coppice or by artificial efforts by planting or direct seeding.